Explanation

• The Turing Test was introduced by Alan Turing in 1950.
• It is used to check machine intelligence.
• It is based on whether a machine can imitate human conversation.
• If a human cannot distinguish machine from human, the machine is considered intelligent.
• This idea was presented in his paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”.

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in 1628.
• He was the first physician to completely describe systemic blood circulation.
• Famous book: De Motu Cordis (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood) (1628)
• He is known as the Father of Circulation of Blood.

Additional information:

• Birth: 1578
• Death: 1657

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The Kiel Canal in Germany connects the Baltic Sea with the North Sea.
• Length: About 98 km
• Traffic: ~25,000–30,000 ships per year
• Opened: 1895
• Alternative name: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• The Kiel Canal in Germany connects the Baltic Sea with the North Sea.
• Length: About 98 km
• Traffic: ~25,000–30,000 ships per year

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• Mount Logan has an elevation of 5,959 meters (19,551 feet) above sea level.
• It is the highest mountain in Canada.
• It is located in the Yukon territory of Canada.
• It is the second-highest peak in North America after Denali.
• It was named after William Edmond Logan.
• Its highest point is 5,959 meters (19,551 feet) above sea level.
• First ascent: 1925

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

BRICS has 11 full member countries after the inclusion of Indonesia in 2025.

1. Brazil
2. Russia
3. India
4. China
5. South Africa
6. Egypt
7. Ethiopia
8. Iran
9. Saudi Arabia
10. United Arab Emirates (UAE)
11. Indonesia

Additional information:

• BRICS is a grouping of major emerging economies for economic and political cooperation.
• Founded: 2006 (first BRIC grouping)
• Headquarters: Shanghai, China (New Development Bank)
• First Summit Host: Russia (2009)
• South Africa joined: 2010

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• The weight of a body on Earth is the gravitational force acting on it.
• Since the body already weighs 51 N on the surface of Earth, its weight on Earth remains 51 N.
• Formula: Weight = Mass × Gravity (W = mg).

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• Microsoft Office is not an open source software.
• Because its source code is owned and controlled by Microsoft.
• Open source software allows users to view, modify, and distribute its source code.

Additional information:

Open source examples:

• Android
• Linux OS
• LibreOffice
• Mozilla Firefox
• Apache Web Server

Closed-source examples:

• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft Office
• Adobe Photoshop

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• Base (Radix): 2
• Digits used: 0, 1
• Used in: Computers, programming, digital circuits
• Each digit is called a bit (binary digit)
• Example: 1011₂

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• Voter minimum age: 18 years
• Citizenship: Citizen of Pakistan required
• Electoral requirement: Name included in electoral roll
• Relevant law: Article 51/51A & Election laws of Pakistan

Additional information:

• MNA (National Assembly member): Minimum 25 years
• Senator: Minimum 30 years
• President of Pakistan: Minimum 45 years

Last verified on 24-06-2026