Explanation

• DNS (Domain Name System) is the protocol/service that resolves domain names into IP addresses.
• It converts easy-to-remember website names (e.g., google.com) into numerical IP addresses used by computers.
• Port used: 53
• Protocol type: Application layer protocol
• DNS was introduced in 1983 by Paul Mockapetris.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Hydrophytes have poorly developed roots.
• Because they live in water and can absorb water directly from their surroundings.

Additional information:

Key Characteristics of Hydrophytes:

• Reduced xylem tissue
• Large air spaces in tissues (aerenchyma)
• Thin or absent cuticle
• Flexible stems and leaves

Examples include water lily and Hydrilla.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The audible range of a normal human ear is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).
• Sounds below this range are called infrasound,
• Sounds above it are called ultrasound. 
• Lower limit: 20 Hz (deep rumbles)
• Upper limit: 20,000 Hz (high-pitched squeaks)

Additional information

• Adult change: The upper limit often drops to 15,000–17,000 Hz as people get older. 
• Unit of frequency: Hertz (Hz)

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system.
• Mercury with a diameter of 4,879 km (3031.67 mi).
• Nearest Planet to Sun.
• Fastest Planet.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The Aral Sea is located between Kazakhstan (north) and Uzbekistan (south).
• They are the two countries directly bordering its waters.
• Type: Endorheic lake (closed inland lake)
• Location: Central Asia

Main rivers feeding it:

1. Amu Darya
2. Syr Darya

The states that share the water of the Aral Sea are:

1. Kazakhstan
2. Uzbekistan
3. Turkmenistan
4. Tajikistan
5. Kyrgyzstan
6. Afghanistan
7. Iran

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1979.
• It is joined to strengthen relations with developing countries.

Additional information:

• Founded: 1961
• Founding Conference: Belgrade, Serbia
• Members: 120 developing countries
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
• Founding Leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru, Sukarno, Josip Broz Tito, Kwame Nkrumah, Gamal Abdel Nasser

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Term length: 5 years
• Appointing authority: President of Pakistan
• Institution: State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)
• First Governor: Zahid Hussain (1948–1953)
• First female Governor: Dr. Shamshad Akhtar (2006)

Must read:

Who is the current Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)?

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the minimum age for a Senator is 30 years.
• The condition is mentioned in Article 62 of the Constitution.

Additional information:

• Member National Assembly (MNA): 25 years
  Prime Minister: Must be an MNA (minimum 25 years)
  President of Pakistan: 45 years

Last verified on 12-01-2026

Explanation

• Main focus: Maritime security threats
• Key area: Red Sea shipping routes
• Activities: Anti-piracy & anti-sea strike operations
• Theme: Protection of global trade lanes
• Exercise name: “Will for Peace 2026”

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• The idiom “Left out in the cold” means a person is not included in a group or activity.
• It shows someone is ignored, rejected, or excluded by others.
• It is used when someone is deliberately not given attention or importance.

Last verified on 22-06-2026