Explanation

• RAM and Cache are volatile memories.
• It means their data is lost when power is turned off.
• Volatile memory requires continuous power to retain data.
• RAM is used for running programs and storing temporary data.
• Cache is a high-speed memory that stores frequently used data for the CPU.

Additional information:

• ROM is non-volatile and retains data without power.

Last verified on 16-02-2026

Explanation

Area = length x width

One side increased 20% means new side = 1.2 x old side

To keep area same, other side must be 1 / 1.2 = 0.8333 of old side

0.8333 = 83.33%

Decrease = 100% - 83.33% = 16.67%

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage device.
• It stores data permanently even without power.

Additional information:

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile storage device.
• It loses data when power is off.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• Vascular tissue is present in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.
• It includes xylem and phloem.
• It helps in transport of water and food.
• Both plant groups are vascular plants.
• It is absent in non-vascular plants like mosses.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• The movement of water from higher water potential to lower water potential is called osmosis.
• It occurs through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Only water molecules move in osmosis.
• It is a passive process (no energy required).

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus transport proteins.
• Rough ER helps in protein synthesis and initial transport.
• Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and sends proteins.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA besides nucleus.
• They can reproduce independently to some extent.
• Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother.
• Chloroplast DNA is found in plant cells.
• Both are semi-autonomous organelles.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins.
• DNA carries genetic information.
• Proteins (mainly histones) help package DNA.
• Together they form chromatin material.
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Water (H₂O) shows maximum hydrogen bonding.
• Oxygen is highly electronegative and forms strong H-bonds.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs when H is bonded to N, O, or F.
• Water forms a strong intermolecular network of H-bonds.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Solvent extraction is controlled by the Distribution Law (Nernst Distribution Law).
• It describes how a solute distributes between two immiscible liquids.
• At equilibrium, the concentration ratio remains constant.
• This law governs equilibrium in extraction processes.

Last verified on 18-06-2026