Explanation

Year-wise Per Capita Income (Pakistan – World Bank Data)

• 2017 → 1519.2 US$
• 2018 → 1569.3 US$
• 2019 → 1390.4 US$
• 2020 → 1278.4 US$
• 2021 → 1455.3 US$
• 2022 → 1538.3 US$
• 2023 → 1365.2 US$
• 2024 → 1484.8 US$

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Atoms of the same element with same protons but different neutrons are called isotopes.
• They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• Isotopes show different physical properties but similar chemical behavior.
• Example: Hydrogen has Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• A fault is a crack in Earth’s crust where rocks move.
• The line where the fault plane meets the ground surface is called the fault trace.
• It shows the visible surface expression of a fault.
• It helps geologists study earthquake zones.
• Fault trace is commonly used in structural geology.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• On topographical maps, small triangles represent survey control points.
• These are called trigonometrical stations (trig points).
• They are used for accurate land measurement and mapping.
• The figures written with them show height or reference data.
• They help in creating precise geographic maps.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• The idiom “Have an axe to grind” means having a selfish or personal reason.
• It is used when someone acts for personal interest or hidden motive.
• It is often used in criticism when someone’s opinion is biased due to personal benefit.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Australia is a developed country with strong industrial base.
• Its key industries include iron and steel production.
• The country is rich in iron ore and mineral resources.
• Mining supports steel and heavy industry growth.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• The current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia is Sheikh Dr. Saleh bin Fawzan Al-Fawzan.
• He was appointed by royal decree on October 22, 2025, by King Salman bin Abdulaziz.
• As Grand Mufti, he is the Kingdom's highest religious authority.
• He also serves as the Chairman of the Council of Senior Scholars and the President of the General Presidency for Scholarly Research and Ifta.
• He succeeded the late Sheikh Abdulaziz Al-Sheikh, who passed away in September 2025 after serving for over 25 years.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• A dune is a sand hill formed by wind action.
• The steeper leeward side is called the slip face.
• It forms where sand falls after reaching the top of the dune.
• This side is steep due to gravity and sand movement.
• It is a common feature in desert geography.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Sir Creek is a tidal estuary (inlet channel of water).
• It is located on the border of India and Pakistan.
• Length is about 96 km (60 miles).
• It is part of the Indus River Delta system.
• It flows into the Arabian Sea.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Highest railway station in Pakistan is Kan Mehtarzai Railway Station.
• Located in Balochistan, Pakistan.
• Height is about 2,224 meters above sea level.
• Opened in 1921 and closed in 1986.
• It was part of the Quetta–Zhob railway line.

Additional information:

• Lahore Railway Station is the largest in Pakistan (area-wise).
• Rohri has the longest railway platform in Pakistan.

Last verified on 02-05-2026