Explanation

• An optical instrument used to measure the properties of visible light is called a Spectroscope.
• It analyzes the composition and properties of materials based on the light they emit or absorb.
• It helping us understand the physical and chemical properties of objects in the universe.

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system used to monitor the location and movement of vehicles, ships, and aircraft.
• Developed by the United States, it provides accurate position, navigation, and timing information worldwide.
• Widely used in transportation, mapping, military operations, and smartphones.

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• “On China” is a famous book by Henry Kissinger, published in 2011.
• It explores China’s foreign policy, history, and U.S.-China relations.
• Kissinger draws on his experience as U.S. Secretary of State and his role in opening relations with China in the 1970s.

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day (16–28) confrontation in October 1962 between the USA, Soviet Union, and Cuba.

Additional information:

• Location: Cuba, Caribbean Sea
• Distance from U.S.: ~145 km from Florida
• Key Leaders: John F. Kennedy (USA), Nikita Khrushchev (USSR), Fidel Castro (Cuba)

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• António Guterres, current Secretary-General of the United Nations, previously served as Prime Minister of Portugal.

Additional information:

• Term as Prime Minister: 1995–2002 (7 years)
• Became UN Secretary-General: 1 January 2017
• Predecessor as UN Secretary-General: Ban Ki-moon

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Turkey has a unicameral legislative system, meaning it has only one parliamentary chamber.
• The legislative body is called the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
• Responsible for making laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the government.

Additional information:

• Total members: 600
• Term length: 5 years
• Founded: 1920
• Voting system: Proportional representation
• Meets in: Ankara, Turkey

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, China is the longest and oldest canal in the world.

Additional information:

• Length: 1,782 km, connecting northern and southern China.
• Built to link the Yellow River and Yangtze River, facilitating transport and trade.
• Construction started: 5th century BC (original sections)

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Seven Muslims have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize so far.
• They are recognized for efforts in peace, human rights, and conflict resolution.

Additional information:

1. Anwar Sadat (Egypt) – 1978
2. Yasser Arafat (Palestine) – 1994
3. Shirin Ebadi (Iran) – 2003
4. Mohamed ElBaradei (Egypt) – 2005
5. Tawakkol Karman (Yemen) – 2011
6. Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) – 2014
7. Abiy Ahmed (Ethiopia) – 2019

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Paracel Islands, also called Xisha Islands, are a group of islands in the South China Sea.
• They are strategically important due to shipping routes and natural resources.
• Claimed by China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, leading to territorial disputes.

Additional information:

• Total islands and reefs: >130
• Main islands: Woody Island, Lincoln Island, Tree Island, Rocky Island, Observation Bank
• Area covered: approximately 15,000 km² of sea
• Distance from Hainan Island (China): ~330 km
• Population: around 1,000 military and administrative personnel

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• The European Parliament (EU Parliament) is one of the main legislative bodies of the European Union.
• Its official seat is in Strasbourg, France, where most plenary sessions are held.
• Brussels, Belgium, is used for committee meetings and additional sessions.

Last verified on 12-03-2026