Explanation

• The atmospheric pressure at any place is measured by a Barometer.
• The barometer was invented by Evangelista in 1644.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, is credited with discovering the law of conservation of mass in 1789 (1785).
• He demonstrated that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only transformed from one substance to another.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemical compounds used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol sprays.
• When released into the atmosphere, CFCs destroy the ozone layer by breaking down O₃ molecules.
• The ozone layer protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food (glucose).
• It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells using chlorophyll.
• The byproduct of this process is oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
• It is essential for growth, tissue repair, and development in multicellular organisms.
• Mitosis maintains the same number of chromosomes in each new cell.

Additional information:

• Meiosis is different; it occurs in sex cells and reduces chromosome number by half.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Human Kidney organs are bean-shaped structures in the body.
• They are located on both sides of the spine in the lower back region.
• Kidneys filter waste products and extra water from blood to form urine.
• A healthy adult normally has two kidneys.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• The stomach is an organ involved in digestion, not waste elimination.

1. Lungs: remove carbon dioxide through exhalation
2. Kidneys: filter waste and excess substances from the blood, producing urine
3. Skin: removes waste through sweating
4. Liver: detoxifies harmful substances and aids in their removal

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• The Pakistan-Afghanistan border (West/Northwest) is 2,611 km long.

Additional information:

• Pakistan’s borders with neighbors:

• India: 2,100 km (East)
• China: is 599 km (Northeast)
• Iran: 909 km (West)

• Arabian Sea coast: 1,058 km (South)
• Total land border: 6,219 km
• Land + Sea border: 7,277 km
• Land + Sea + LOC & Working Boundary: 8,340 km

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Explanation

Last verified on 07-02-2026