Explanation

• Freezing water into ice shows matter can change from one state to another.
• Water (liquid) becomes ice (solid) without changing its chemical composition.
• This is a physical change.
• Matter retains its properties but changes form/shape.
• Similar examples: melting, evaporation, condensation.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

A nucleotide, the building block of DNA and RNA.

It consists of three components:

1. A phosphate group (phosphate)
2. A sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)
3. One of four nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine in DNA; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil in RNA)

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• The mucus lining of the stomach protects it from acidic gastric juice.
• Damage leads to stomach ulcers or irritation.
• Main symptom: burning sensation (heartburn).
• Can cause pain, nausea, or indigestion.
• Often caused by excess acid, infection (H. pylori), or NSAIDs.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Flame cells are specialized excretory organs in flatworms (Planaria (Platyhelminthes)
  • They remove waste and excess water from the body.
  • Called “flame cells” because cilia inside them flicker like a flame.
  • Part of the protonephridial system in invertebrates.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• In a solution, the solute is the substance present in a smaller amount.
• It dissolves in the solvent to form a uniform mixture.
• The solvent is present in larger quantity.
• Examples: Salt in saltwater, sugar in tea.
• Solute can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Mitosis is the process where a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
• Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
• Essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
• Does not reduce chromosome number (unlike meiosis).
• Occurs in somatic (body) cells.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

UNESCO focuses on promoting global collaboration in education, science, culture, and communication to foster peace and sustainable development.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Brexit is the withdrawal of the UK from the EU and EAEC.
• UK voted to leave in a national referendum in June 2016.
• Officially left on 31 January 2020 (midnight, Dutch time).
• Theresa May was the UK Prime Minister at the time.
• UK is the first and only country to formally leave the EU after 47 years of membership.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• G7 (Group of Seven) consists of the world’s largest industrialized nations.
• Focused on economic policies, global trade, and international security.
• Established in 1975 to address economic challenges of advanced economies.
• Member countries: USA, UK, Germany, Japan, France, Italy, Canada.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Main focus: economic development and poverty reduction.
• Established in July 1944 during the Bretton Woods Conference.
• Has 189 member countries.
• Headquarters: Washington, USA.

• Founded: 27 December 1945.
• Headquarters: Washington, USA.
• Members: 190 countries.
• Official language: English.