Explanation

A species that no longer lives anywhere on the earth is called extinct.

This term refers to a species that has no living individuals remaining on the planet, often determined when the last surviving member dies. 

Examples: Well-known examples include the dinosaur, the woolly mammoth, and the passenger pigeon.

Explanation

The ripening of fruits is a biochemical process.

Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration, which drives ripening.

It helps in conversion of starches to sugars and softening of fruit tissue.

Controlled oxygen levels are used in storage and packaging to manage ripening.

Explanation

Anthracite is the highest grade of coal with the highest carbon content.

It has low moisture and impurities, making it very efficient as fuel.

It burns cleanly and produces more heat compared to other types of coal.

Other forms like lignite and bituminous have higher moisture and lower carbon.

Explanation

In chloroplasts, the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.

CO₂ is fixed and converted into sugars in this area.

Thylakoids are the site of light-dependent reactions, not sugar formation.

Stroma contains enzymes needed for carbon fixation.

Explanation

Scientists estimate that 33% of the Earth’s area should be conserved.

This helps maintain biodiversity and ecological balance.

Protected areas include forests, wetlands, and marine zones.

Explanation

Restriction enzymes (also called restriction endonucleases) recognize specific DNA sequences.

These sequences are usually 4–8 base pairs long.

The enzymes cut DNA at or near these recognition sites.

They are widely used in molecular biology and genetic engineering.

Restriction enzymes allow scientists to manipulate DNA for cloning and analysis.

Explanation

S-waves are transverse seismic waves.

They cause particles to move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

S-waves cannot pass through liquids or gases because these cannot support shear stress.

They only travel through solids, like the Earth’s crust and mantle.

This property helps scientists study the internal structure of Earth.

Explanation

When milk reaches the processing plant, it is poured into silos for storage.

Silos are large containers that keep milk fresh and uncontaminated.

They allow controlled temperature to prevent spoilage.

From silos, milk is later processed for pasteurization, packaging, and distribution.

Using silos ensures efficient storage and handling in the dairy industry.

Explanation

Sedimentation is the process where solid particles settle at the bottom of a liquid.

It is a primary method in water treatment.

Sedimentation removes suspended solids from water.

It helps in clarifying water before filtration.

This process is essential for providing clean drinking water.

Explanation

Drought causes reduced rainfall, drying out soil and plants.

Dry vegetation becomes highly flammable, increasing wildfire risk.

High temperatures further intensify fire outbreaks.

These factors together make wildfires more frequent and severe.

Therefore, drought-induced wildfires occur due to all of these factors