Explanation

• Designer: Amir Uddin Kidwai Adoption Date: 11 August 1947 (officially adopted) Additional information: Green field – represents Muslims of Pakistan White stripe – represents minorities and religious minorities’ rights Crescent and star – symbol of progress and light Proportion of flag: 2:3 (height:width)

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Diamond is a naturally occurring allotropic form of carbon.
  • Allotropy means a single element can exist in more than one form with different structures and properties.
  • It is extremely hard.
  • It has a high melting point.
  • It is widely used in jewelry and cutting tools.

Additional information:

• Graphite – soft, good conductor
• Fullerenes (C60) – spherical molecules
• Carbon nanotubes – tubular, high strength
• Amorphous carbon – coal, soot
• Lonsdaleite – hexagonal diamond

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.
• He designed the more advanced Analytical Engine, which featured a "Mill" (CPU) and a "Store" (memory).

Additional information 

• He was anwas an English polymath
• Born: 26 December 1791 London, England
• Died: 18 October 1871 (aged 79) London, England
• 
  

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Current Position: 72nd U.S. Secretary of State
• Assumed Office: 21 January 2025
• President: Donald Trump
• Preceded by: Antony Blinken
• Nationality: American

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

The first census in Pakistan was held in 1951.

Additional information:

Total nationwide censuses in Pakistan: 7

• 1st Census: 1951
• 2nd Census: 1961
• 3rd Census: 1972
• 4th Census: 1981
• 5th Census: 1998
• 6th Census: 2017
• 7th Census: 2023

Frequency: Every 10 years (approx.)

Historical start: 1872 (British rule, first census in the region)

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Established by the United Nations in 2015.

Additional information:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequalities
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

WTO (World Trade Organization) was established on 1 January 1995.

It succeeded GATT.

Pakistan joined WTO on 1 January 1995.

Additional information:

• Members: 164
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Official Languages: English, French, Spanish

Objectives:

• Protect Intellectual Property Rights
• Promote Free Trade
• Remove Trade Quotas

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• ISIS – Militant extremist group (not a recognized non-state actor)
• International Red Crescent Society – Humanitarian NGO
• Amnesty International – Human rights NGO
• NATO – Intergovernmental military alliance (sometimes included in discussions of non-state influence)

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Year of Establishment: 1864
• Original Name: Government College Lahore
• Location: Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
• Famous Alumni: Allama Iqbal, Abdus Salam, Faiz Ahmed Faiz

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Test name: Smiling Buddha
• Year of nuclear test: 1974
  • Date: 18 May 1974
  • Test site: Pokhran, Rajasthan
  • Country: India