Explanation

• A firewall’s main function is to prevent or block unauthorized access to a computer network.
• It acts as a security barrier between trusted and untrusted networks (like the internet).
• It filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
• It helps protect systems from hackers and unwanted access attempts.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• The Volga River is the longest river in Europe,
• It is with a length of approximately 3,531 km (2,194 miles).
• It flows entirely through Russia and empties into the Caspian Sea.

Additional information:

• Danube – 2,857 km (Flows through 10 countries)
• Ural – 2,428 km (Russia & Kazakhstan)
• Dnieper – 2,201 km (Russia, Belarus & Ukraine)
• Don – 1,950 km (Russia)

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• Announcement: 17 August 1947, 5:00 PM
• Pakistan's Independence: 14 August 1947
• India's Independence: 15 August 1947
• Boundary Commissioner: Sir Cyril Radcliffe
• Purpose: To divide Punjab and Bengal between Pakistan and India

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• Kharaj was the land tax imposed on agricultural land.
• It was originally collected from non-Muslim cultivators and landlords in the Islamic state.

Additional information:

• Jizyah: Personal tax on eligible non-Muslim adult males
• Khums: One-fifth (20%) of war booty and certain other specified gains
• Zakat: 2.5% annual tax on eligible Muslim wealth
• Ushr: One-tenth (10%) of agricultural produce from naturally irrigated Muslim-owned land

Verified & Updated

Explanation

Given:

Increment in number = 20% of the number

Decrement in number = 20% of the new number

Concept used:

Net increase or decrease percent = {(Original number or Final number) - (Final number or original number) ÷ Original number} × 100

Calculation:

Let the original number be 100

When the number is increased by 20%

New Number = 100 + 20% of 100

⇒ 100 + 20

⇒ 120

Now, the number is decreased by 20%

Final number = New number – 20% of new number

⇒ 120 – 20% of 120

⇒ 120 – 24

⇒ 96

∴ Net Decrease in percentage = { (100 – 96) / 100} × 100

⇒ {4/100} × 100

⇒ 4%

∴ The net decrease percentage is 4%.

Last verified on 11-07-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• A macro is an automated sequence of commands used to perform repetitive tasks quickly in software applications.
• It saves time by executing multiple steps with a single command.
• Commonly used in MS Word, Excel, and other office software.
• It can be recorded or programmed by the user.

Last verified on 21-06-2026

Explanation

1962 Constitution

• System: Presidential System
• Introduced by: General Ayub Khan
• Legislature: National Assembly + Provincial Assemblies
• Election system: Indirect (Basic Democracies)

Additional information:

1956 Constitution

• System: Parliamentary System
• Head of State: President (ceremonial)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister

1973 Constitution

• Head of Government: Prime Minister (executive authority)
• System: Parliamentary System (Federal Parliamentary Democracy)
• Head of State: President (ceremonial role)

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Silica (SiO₂) is the main component of glass.
• It providing its transparency and hardness.
• It forms a network structure when melted, giving glass its solid yet brittle nature.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

Important Passes of Pakistan

1. Khyber Pass

• Connects: Peshawar to Kabul
• Connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan
• Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet 

2. Bolan Pass 

• Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta 
• Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet 

3. Lowari Pass

• Connects: Chitral with Dir 
• Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet 

4. Broghil Pass

• Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border 
• Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet 

5. Malakand Pass

• Connects: Dir with Chitral 
• Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet 

6. Shandur Pass

• Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral 
• Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet 

7. Khanjerab Pass (top most in Pakistan)

• Other name: Friendship Gate
• Connects: China with Pakistan 
• Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet 

8. Dorah Pass

• Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral 
• Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet 

9. Babusar Pass

• Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit

10. Kohat Pass

• Connects: Kohat with Peshawar 

11. Khojak Pass

• Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman

12. Tochi Pass

• Connects: Ghazni with Bannu

Last verified on 01-04-2026