Explanation

Scientists awarded: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi 

Field of study: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 

Reason for the award: Their work on developing MOFs, which have significant potential in areas like clean energy storage, carbon capture, and advanced material science.

About Chemistry Nobel Prize 2024

Co-winners: David Baker, John Jumper,  Briton Demis

They are scientists from the United States of America (USA) 

***

Explanation

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) – Key Points:

Formation: Created after India’s 1974 nuclear test showed peaceful nuclear technology could be misused.

Purpose: Prevent nuclear weapons proliferation via export controls on nuclear and nuclear-related materials.

Membership: 48 participating governments (as of 2020); decisions by consensus.

Notable Non-Members: Pakistan, Israel, and India (though India has sought membership).

Challenge: China and others oppose India’s membership as it hasn’t signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

First Meeting: November 1975 in London (also called the “London Club”).

Explanation

A solar eclipse can only take place during the phase of the new moon

when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.

Explanation

The value of liquid gallon is defined as 231 cubic inches and equates to approximately 3.785 litres.

1 litres = 0.22 gallons = 1000 cm3.

One imperial gallon is equivalent to approximately 1.2 U.S. liquid gallons.

1 imperial gallon = 4.546 litres

Explanation

Source reduction is the most preferred method in the waste management hierarchy because it prevents waste generation at the source, avoiding the need for disposal or recycling.

It reduces resource consumption, pollution, and costs associated with waste handling, making it the most sustainable approach.

Explanation

Pakistan's National Electric Vehicle (NEV) Policy 2025 aims for 30% of all new vehicle sales to be electric by 2030.

This policy is a strategic plan to promote green transportation, reduce reliance on imported fuels, lower air pollution, and foster economic growth through new jobs and the development of an EV industry.

The government is introducing incentives and fast-tracking processes to support this transition. 

Explanation

The joint naval exercise between China and Pakistan is primarily known as Sea Guardian.

The air force exercise is called Shaheen (Eagle). 

Explanation

Around 40% of Pakistan’s economy functions in the informal or undocumented sector.

This sector includes unregistered businesses and untaxed activities contributing significantly to the GDP.

Explanation

Zakat on Cows, Buffaloes, or Bulls:

Applies when they are raised for milk or breeding and graze freely.

Nisab: Minimum 30 animals.

30–39 animals: 1 one-year-old calf (male or female).

40–59 animals: 1 two-year-old cow.

Explanation

Myriad means ایک بہت بڑی تعداد یا ان گنت مقدار

Countless means ان گنت