Explanation

The budget will be approved by the board only after the accounts are verified by the auditor.

Future tense "will approve" in active voice → will be approved in passive.

The condition "after the auditor verifies" → accounts are verified in passive voice.

Explanation

Radius of circular path in magnetic field: r = mv / qB

Alpha particle (m = 4u, q = +2e) → r = 2 × r_proton → larger radius than proton.

Explanation

Cross product: A × B = |A||B| sinθ n̂

B is a scalar multiple of A → θ = 0° → sin0° = 0 → A × B = 0.

Explanation

One full revolution = 2π radians

Half revolution = 2π / 2 = π radians

Explanation

In laminar flow, fluid moves in parallel layers without mixing.

Adjacent layers slide smoothly, unlike turbulent flow.

Explanation

In transverse waves, particles move up and down while the wave moves forward.

Particle vibration is perpendicular to the direction of energy/wave propagation.

Explanation

Potential difference: V = W / Q

V = 2 J / 2 C = 1 J/C.

Explanation

Drilling involves contact between drill bit and metal, causing friction.

Friction converts mechanical work into heat, heating the drill bit.

Explanation

Angular displacement is the angle through which a body moves about a fixed axis or center.

It measures the change in position along a circular path.

Explanation

Terminal voltage: V = E – Ir, where r is internal resistance.

Some energy is lost as heat inside the battery, reducing the voltage across external circuit.