Explanation

The humoral response involves B-cells producing antibodies that neutralize or destroy antigens.

It is part of the adaptive immune system acting through body fluids (humors).

Explanation

Crossing over exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

This creates new gene combinations, increasing genetic variation in offspring.

Explanation

Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered gene linkage in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly).

His work showed that genes located close together on the same chromosome are inherited together.

Explanation

Transferase enzymes catalyze the transfer of functional groups like phosphate between molecules.

Kinases are a type of transferase that specifically transfer phosphate groups.

Explanation

Explanation

Leydig cells, also called interstitial cells, are found between seminiferous tubules in testes.

They produce testosterone, essential for male reproductive functions.

Explanation

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, caused by wear and tear of joint cartilage.

It mainly affects knees, hips, and hands, leading to pain and stiffness.

Explanation

In males, the urethra carries both urine and semen, serving urinary and reproductive functions.

Hence, it is considered a urogenital organ.

Explanation

Both the cerebellum and hippocampus contribute to memory, though in different ways.

The hippocampus manages declarative memory, while the cerebellum helps in procedural (motor) memory.

Explanation

Glycoproteins are formed when proteins attach to carbohydrate chains.

They play key roles in cell recognition, signaling, and immune response.