Explanation

In the case of Muhammad Nawaz Sharif vs President of Pakistan (PLD 1993 S.C 473), Nasim Hassan Shah was the Chief Justice.

He headed the Supreme Court bench that delivered the judgment in this significant constitutional case.

Explanation

As per Sir John Salmond's Jurisprudence, justice becomes increasingly justice according to law, and courts of justice become increasingly courts of law.

In his legal theory, Salmond posits a progression where, as societies develop their legal systems, the administration of justice relies more heavily on established legal principles and codified statutes, rather than on discretionary interpretations or natural justice.

This evolution shifts the focus of courts from being courts of general justice to becoming specialized courts of law, operating within the strict framework of legal precedents and rules.

Explanation

Explanation

In legal practice, judges decide questions of law, while juries determine questions of fact.

This division ensures fair trial: law by judge, facts by jury.

Explanation

The science of Islamic law starts with Usul-al-Fiqh (principles of jurisprudence).

It lays down the methodology for deriving rules from the Qur’an and Sunnah.

Explanation

As per Islamic Jurisprudence by Imran Ahsan Khan Niazi, Hanafi Muslims divide makruh (disapproved acts) into two types: Makruh Tahrimi (prohibitively disliked) and Makruh Tanzihi (preferrably avoided).

Makruh Tahrimi acts are those that are strongly disliked, akin to Haram (forbidden), and may carry a punishment.

Makruh Tanzihi acts are less severe and closer to being permissible (Mubah). 

Explanation

Jurists link the restriction on women becoming judges (qadi) to the issue of gender.

It is debated in Islamic jurisprudence, but traditionally their reasoning is based on gender-related roles rather than law itself.

Explanation

Literally, hukm means command or order.

Technically in Islamic jurisprudence, it refers to the rules of Shariah derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah.

Explanation

In Islamic jurisprudence, “Asl” literally means foundation or root – something upon which another thing is built.

It is the basis used in deriving rules in Usul al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic law).

Explanation

The case was decided in 1977 after the imposition of martial law by General Zia-ul-Haq.

Chief Justice Sheikh Anwar-ul-Haq presided over the Supreme Court at that time.