Explanation

Section 176(2) empowers a Magistrate to order the disinterment and examination of a buried body to determine the cause of death.

Both the authority to decide and to execute the order rests with the Magistrate under this provision.

Explanation

Article 33 treats statements from a person expressly referred to for information on a disputed matter as admissions.

Such statements are considered reliable because the party themselves directed reliance on that person’s knowledge.

Explanation

• As per Article 44 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984, rules relate to the competency of witnesses.
• It states that all persons, including an accused and an accomplice, are competent witnesses.
• However, if they testify, they are subject to the normal rules of evidence.
• This includes being liable to cross-examination by the opposing party.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

• As per Section 46(1) Cr.P.C 1898, arrest generally requires physical contact.
• The officer must touch or confine the body of the person being arrested.
• However, physical force is not needed if the person submits to custody voluntarily.
• Such submission may be shown through words or actions.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

Order XLI Rule 9(1) CPC 1908 mandates that the Appellate Court or its proper officer endorse the date of presentation on the memorandum of appeal.

The appeal is then registered in a dedicated book for record-keeping and tracking purposes.

Explanation

Section 75(a) CPC 1908 empowers the court to issue a commission to examine any person.

This provision facilitates the recording of evidence when direct appearance in court is not possible.

Explanation

Section 309(1) PPC 1860 allows an adult sane wali to waive the right of qisas in cases of Qatl-e-Amd.

This waiver can be made at any time and without compensation.

Explanation

Under Illustration (a) of Section 88 PPC, an act done with the consent of the person and for their benefit, even if it risks death, is not an offence.

The surgeon acted with Z's consent and for medical reasons, so it does not amount to negligence or crime.

Explanation

Order VII Rule 15 CPC 1908 requires the plaintiff to list documents with the plaint.

If a document is not in the plaintiff’s possession or power, he must indicate who has it (e.g., defendant or third party).

Explanation

Section 20(c) mandates that a suit shall be filed in the court having jurisdiction where the cause of action arises, wholly or partly.

This ensures proper territorial jurisdiction for adjudicating the dispute.