Explanation

Explanation

Transistors are commonly used in digital circuits as electronic switches

That can be either in an on or off state, both for high-power applications such as switched-mode power supplies and for low-power applications such as logic gates.

Explanation

• Resistivity (ρ) is a material property — it depends only on the type of material and its temperature.

• It does not depend on the length or cross-sectional area of the conductor.

Formula to clarify:

R=ρ⋅L/A​

• Here, $R$ is resistance, $L$ is length, $A$ is area, and $rho$ is resistivity.

• Length and area affect resistance, not resistivity.

Explanation

Diamagnetic materials are repelled by a magnetic field and do not retain magnetic properties.

Copper is a classic example of a diamagnetic substance.

Explanation

The rest mass energy of one electron (or positron) is 0.511 MeV.

So, to produce an electron-positron pair, the total energy required is:  

0.511 MeV + 0.511 MeV = 1.022 MeV ≈ 1.02 MeV.

Explanation

The derivative of sin²x concerning x is:

d/dx (sin²x) = 2 sin(x) · cos(x)

Which is equal to:  

sin(2x) (using the identity sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x))

Final Answer:  

d/dx (sin²x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x) = sin(2x)

Explanation

Excitation energy is the energy needed for an electron to jump from its ground state to a higher energy level.

It is less than ionization energy, as the electron remains bound to the atom after excitation.

Explanation

Pair production occurs when a high-energy γ-ray photon is converted into an electron and a positron near a nucleus.

It is a quantum phenomenon that requires photon energy greater than 1.022 MeV.

Explanation

Force is defined as the rate of change of linear momentum with respect to time.

According to Newton’s second law, force causes a change in an object’s momentum.

Explanation

Energy and work have the same dimensional formula, $$[ML2T−2][ML^2T^{-2}]

Both represent the ability to perform work or cause a change in energy.