Explanation

During gastrulation, the upper layer formed is called the epiblast. 

During the early stages of embryonic development, a process called gastrulation transforms a bilaminar disk (consisting of the epiblast and hypoblast) into a trilaminar disk.

The epiblast is the upper layer, while the hypoblast is the lower layer.

The epiblast eventually develops into the ectoderm. 

Explanation

The human body contains traces of many elements, and approximately 99% of its mass is comprised of just six essential elements:

1. oxygen
2. carbon
3. hydrogen
4. nitrogen
5. calcium
6. phosphorus

Another five elements—

1. sulfur
2. potassium
3. sodium
4. chlorine
5. magnesium

Make up about 0.85% of the remaining mass, bringing the total of essential elements to 11

Explanation

The optimal pH for most arginases is in the alkaline range, with values typically between 9.0 and 10.0, though variations exist depending on the source and specific arginase isoform.

Arginase is an enzyme with an optimal pH around 9.7, where it functions best to convert arginine into urea and ornithine in the urea cycle.

Explanation

Electric field intensity (E) is defined as force per unit charge: E = F/q.

So its unit is Newton/Coulomb (N/C).

Explanation

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by U = (1/2)CV². If the potential difference (V) is doubled:

U ∝ V²

U' ∝ (2V)² = 4V²

So, the energy stored will increase by a factor of 4.

Explanation

Given the formula and calculation:

F = qE

= (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C) × (1.8 × 10⁻⁸ N/C)

= 2.88 × 10⁻¹¹ N

Explanation

 A dilute solution compared to cell concentration is termed hypotonic

This means the solution has a lower concentration of solutes (and a higher concentration of water) than the cell's internal environment. 

Explanation

 Plants that do not have adaptations to remove excess water from their cells in freshwater environments are xerophytes.

These plants are adapted to survive in dry, arid conditions and have evolved to conserve water, not to deal with excess water influx. 

Explanation

STH (Somatotropic Hormone) is also known as Growth Hormone (GH).

It promotes protein synthesis even after the growth phase ends.

It plays a role in tissue maintenance, muscle development, and metabolism throughout life.

Explanation

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, without using ducts.

Examples include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas (as an endocrine gland).