Explanation

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

They follow the general formula CnH2n+2.

It include compounds like methane, ethane, and propane.

Explanation

70% of glass is made from sand (silica, SiO₂), the primary component.

The remaining 30% includes soda ash (Na₂CO₃) and lime (CaO) to lower melting points and stabilize the glass.

Explanation

Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group (–COOH), which gives them their acidic properties.

This group consists of a carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (–OH) bonded to the same carbon atom.

Explanation

Hydration is the process of adding water (H₂O) to alkenes to form alcohols, usually in the presence of H₂SO₄ as a catalyst.

It follows Markovnikov's rule, where the –OH group attaches to the more substituted carbon.

Explanation

Potash mica (also known as muscovite) is an aluminum silicate mineral containing potassium.

It is a significant source of aluminum in silicate form.

Explanation

Nascent hydrogen refers to atomic hydrogen (H), which is highly reactive and short-lived.

It is usually produced in situ during chemical reactions.

It is more reactive than molecular hydrogen (H₂).

Explanation

A sigma (σ) bond is formed by the head-on (linear) overlap of atomic orbitals.

It is the strongest type of covalent bond and exists in single bonds.

Explanation

Explanation

A nucleophile is a chemical species that is attracted to positive charges, especially the nucleus.

It donates a pair of electrons to form a chemical bond, often attacking electrophilic centers.

Explanation

Absolute alcohol refers to 100% pure ethanol, free from any water content.

It is used in laboratories and industrial applications where water-free alcohol is essential.