Explanation

Invaders such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori, and the Mughals raided the Indian subcontinent for wealth, prisoners, and territorial expansion.

Their invasions led to the establishment of various dynasties and the spread of new cultures, religions, and administrative systems in the region.

Explanation

Caliph Al-Walid I (Umayyad Caliph) ordered Muhammad bin Qasim to lead the expedition against Raja Dahir in 712 AD.

Raja Dahir, the ruler of Sindh, refused to return Muslim prisoners and treasure, leading to the Umayyad conquest of Sindh.

Explanation

Haider Ali (1721–1782) was the ruler of Mysore and a powerful Muslim military commander.

He expanded Mysore’s territory and resisted British colonial forces during his reign.

Explanation

The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) was known for its peaceful and agrarian society.

Its people engaged in farming and trade, with no significant evidence of warfare or militarization.

Explanation

The houses at Mohenjo Daro were primarily built using sun-dried and baked mud bricks.

This construction method was common in the Indus Valley Civilization due to the availability of clay and the region's hot climate.

Explanation

Pakistan is the fifth-largest producer of cotton globally, following China, India, Brazil, and the United States. 

In the 2024/2025 period, Pakistan's cotton production is projected at 5 million 480-pound bales, accounting for approximately 4% of global production. 

Explanation

On 7 October 1958 Martial law was declared by Ayub Khan.

He removed Iskander Mirza and took over the office as president of Pakistan.

Additional information

History:

President Ayub Khan resigned from office on March 25, 1969.

Ayub Khan was the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Army.

And became the president of Pakistan after President Iskandar Ali Mirza in 1958.

He was the second president of Pakistan, serving from 1958 to 1969.

He was succeeded by General Yahya Khan.

Explanation

Exports generate revenue for a country by selling goods and services to other nations.

They contribute to economic growth, trade balance, and foreign exchange reserves.

Explanation

Sub-Himalayas are also known as Siwalik or Outer Himalayas.

Sub-Himalayan range of the northern Indian subcontinent.

Their average height varies between 600 and 1200 meters,

 The range spans the modern-day countries of :

1. Pakistan,
2. India,
3. Nepal,
4. and Bhutan.

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Explanation