Explanation

The major cause of ocean acidification is the absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide CO2 into the ocean,

Primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels, leading to a drop in pH (increased acidity).

Explanation

Talus cones are made through the continuous accumulation of loose, angular rock fragments at the base of a steep cliff or mountain slope. The process involves the physical and chemical weathering of the rock face above, followed by the transport of the debris downslope primarily by gravity (mass wasting). 

Explanation

Venus is called Morning or Evening Star.

Venus is the brightest planet in the Solar System.

Explanation

Galvanometer works on electromagnetic principles, where electric current produces a magnetic field.

The interaction between magnetic field and coil causes the needle to deflect, allowing current measurement.

A galvanometer measures small currents.

To measure larger currents, a low resistance (called a shunt) is connected in parallel, converting it into an ammeter.

Explanation

When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, it burns and becomes a meteor (shooting star).

If it survives the burn and lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite.

Explanation

Corrosion occurs at the anode, where the metal undergoes oxidation,

Losing electrons and deteriorating into ions.

This process is the result of an electrochemical cell. 

In this fundamental mechanism, the anode facilitates the loss of electrons and the cathode facilitates the gain of electrons.

Allowing the overall chemical reaction of corrosion to proceed. 

Explanation

Astronomers estimate a star’s age primarily by analyzing its chemical composition—especially the presence of hydrogen and helium.

Older stars generally have fewer heavy elements.  

Explanation

Glacier grooves are scratches or grooves on rocks caused by rocks embedded in moving glaciers.

They are formed parallel to the direction of glacier movement.

Explanation

In SO₂, sulphur and oxygen share electrons, forming covalent bonds.

Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with sulphur, giving a bent molecular shape.

Explanation

The intensity of an earthquake is measured by the Richter scale.

It quantifies the energy released.

It was developed in 1935.

The Richter scale is used in seismology, the study of earthquakes.