Explanation

• In a capitalist society, production decisions are mainly controlled by the market system.
• Producers make goods based on what people want to buy.
• Consumer demand plays the most important role in deciding production.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Hamas founded in 1987
• Won elections in 2006
• Government formed in Gaza
• Leader: Ismail Haniyeh
• Rival Palestinian leader: Mahmoud Abbas

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Start Year: 1984
• End Year: 2003
• Operation: Operation Meghdoot
• Location: Siachen Glacier (Karakoram Range)
• Countries involved: Pakistan & India
• Known as highest battlefield in the world
  

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• The Indian Councils Act 1909, also called the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced separate electorates for Muslims.

Additional information:

• Date of introduction: 12 March 1909
• Total members in Central Legislative Council: 60
• Muslim reserved seats: 5
• 27 members were to be elected from different constituencies.
• Nehru Report (28 August 1928) rejected the demand for separate electorate.

Last verified on 07-03-2026

Explanation

• The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by the Indian National Congress.
• It came after the failure of the Cripps Mission.
• The mission failed to satisfy Indian demands for independence.
• As a result, a mass movement was started against British rule.

Additional information:

• Leader: Mahatma Gandhi
• Slogan: “Do or Die”

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Najibullah is the title of Hazrat Dawood (AS).
• The holy book Zaboor revealed to Hazrat Dawood (AS).
• He is buried in Israel.
• He is called caliph of Allah.
• He is mentioned in the Holy Quran for 16 times.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Saleh invented Soap.
• He was a prophet of the nation Samood.
• He is buried in Lebonan.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• The grave of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) is located in the city of Hebron.
• This place is historically known as Al-Khalil.
• It lies in present-day Palestine (West Bank).
• The site is inside the famous Ibrahimi Mosque (Cave of the Patriarchs).

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Fought in 629 AD (8 AH)
• Location: Mu’tah (Jordan)
• Opponents: Muslims vs Byzantine Empire (Romans)
• Commanders martyred: Zaid bin Harithah, Jafar ibn Abi Talib, Abdullah bin Rawaha
• Leadership later taken by Khalid ibn al-Walid

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Washing soda is also known as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
• It is used to remove permanent hardness of water.
• Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of magnesium and calcium sulfates or chlorides in water, which cannot be removed by boiling.
• Washing soda helps to precipitate these minerals, making the water softer.

Last verified on 23-04-2026