Explanation

استاد کے الفاظ کو شاگرد لکھتے جاتے تھے اور اس طرح جو کتاب تیار ہوتی، اسے "امالی" کہا جاتا تھا۔

Explanation

Chaudhry Khaleeq-ul-Zaman, a prominent leader from U.P

He was one of the earliest supporters of the Lahore Resolution, also known as the Qarardad-e-Pakistan, passed in 1940

He played a vital role in the politics of the All-India Muslim League.

Born on 25 December 1889 ( Uttar Pradesh, India)

Died on18 May 1973 (aged 83)

Explanation

Philosophy is a theoretical aspect of education because it deals with the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, influencing how we approach teaching and learning.

It provides a foundation for understanding the goals, values, and principles that shape educational systems.

Explanation

 Informal education begins at birth, as learning begins through observation and interaction with the environment, family, and society.

Unlike formal education, informal learning is continuous and occurs naturally throughout life.

It is not structured but happens through experiences, conversations, and daily activities.

Explanation

Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher, believed that education is a process of seeking truth through questioning and dialogue, known as the Socratic method.

He emphasized the importance of critical thinking and continuous inquiry as a path to discovering deeper truths about life and existence.

Explanation

The first step in the process of curriculum development is identifying the aims and objectives

These aims guide the overall direction of the curriculum and define what students are expected to learn and achieve.

Once the goals are clear, other steps can follow, such as selecting content, teaching methods, and evaluation modes.

Explanation

Ralph Tyler Kerr is credited with defining curriculum as consisting of four elements:

1. objectives
2. content
3. method
4. evaluation

These elements are key components in curriculum design

They are used to guide educational planning and instruction

Explanation

Dull children, or those who may struggle academically or have learning difficulties, often benefit from directive counseling

This form of counseling involves the counselor taking a more active role in directing the conversation and offering a solution

This can be beneficial for children who may not have the skills or insight to address their difficulties on their own

Explanation

Motivation refers to the inner state or drive within an individual that directs, sustains, and energizes behavior toward achieving a goal.

It can be influenced by

internal factors (like personal needs, desires, or goals) 

external factors (such as rewards, recognition, or environment)

Motivation is crucial for initiating actions, maintaining persistence, and putting in effort to achieve specific outcomes.

Explanation

Solving mathematical problems often involves critical thinking and reasoning rather than learning by imitation, which is more relevant to observational learning.