Explanation

• The current Hijri year is 1448 AH (After Hijrah), which started on 17 June 2026.
• Starting event: Hijrah of Prophet Muhammad SAW from Makkah to Madina (622 AD)
• Introduced by: Hazrat Umar (RA) (17 AH/638 AD)

Additional information:

• Total months: 12
• Normal year: 354 days (Solar year 365 days)
• Leap year: 355 days (Solar year 366 days)
• Each month: 29 or 30 days (Solar year 30 or 31 days)
• Islamic year is 10–11 days shorter than the Gregorian year (lunar cycle).

Last verified on 21-06-2026

Explanation

• Author: Benazir Bhutto
• Book Type: Autobiography
• Published: 7th January 1989
• Publisher: Simon & Schuster
• Theme: Politics, struggle, democracy

Additional information:

• Benazir Bhutto was the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• She served two non-consecutive terms: 1988–1990 and 1993–1996.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach India by sea in 1498.
• He was a Portuguese explorer who arrived at Calicut (India) via the Cape of Good Hope route.
• His voyage opened the sea route between Europe and Asia.
• This event marked the beginning of European colonial influence in India.
• He later died in India in 1524.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• "Jinnah of Pakistan" was written by Stanley Wolpert.
• It was published in 1984.
• The book is a famous biography of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, covering his public and private life.
• It describes Jinnah’s journey from his birth in 1876 to his death in 1948.
• Stanley Wolpert was an American historian known for his works on South Asian history.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• Shahrah-e-Resham (Karakoram Highway) connects Pakistan and China through Khunjerab Pass.
• It is the highest paved international road in the world.
• It links Hassan Abdal (Pakistan) with Kashgar (China).
• It passes through the Karakoram mountain range.
• It is a symbol of strong Pakistan–China friendship.

Additional information:

• The highway is also known as the Karakoram Highway (N-35).
• It was completed in 1979.
• Its total length is about 1,300 km.
• It is often called the “Eighth Wonder of the World” due to its difficult terrain.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Muawiya I (RA) became the first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate.
• He assumed power after the period of Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA).
• Umayyad rule: 661 – 750 AD
• First Caliph: Muawiya I (661–680 AD)
• Last Caliph: Marwan II (744–750 AD)
• Birth: 602 AD (Mecca)
• Death: 680 AD (Damascus

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Nefarious means برا ۔ کھوٹا ۔ فاسد ۔ حرام ۔ ناجائز
• Wicked means برا ۔ کھوٹا ۔ فاسد ۔ حرام ۔ ناجائز
• Evil means برائی

Last verified on 11-06-2026

Explanation

• Habsha is the historic name for Ethiopia.
• It is located in the Horn of Africa.
• The Migration to Abyssinia, also known as the First Hegira.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• Ornithology is the branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds.
• It includes bird behavior, classification, and migration patterns.
• Scientists who study birds are called ornithologists.

Last verified on 10-06-2026