Explanation

A scalar quantity only has magnitude (a numerical value) and no direction.

Speed is the magnitude of velocity,

Which means it tells you how fast something is moving without considering its direction. 

a) Velocity:

Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude (speed) and direction. 

b) Acceleration:

Acceleration is also a vector quantity as it describes the rate of change of velocity,

which means it needs both magnitude and direction to be fully defined. 

d) Force:

Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude (how strong the push or pull is) and direction. 

Explanation

- Potential difference (V) is the work done per unit charge to move a charge between two points.  

- Formula: V = W/Q  

  (where W = work in joules, Q = charge in coulombs)  

- 1 Volt = 1 Joule / 1 Coulomb  

- It tells us how much energy is used to move electric charges through a circuit.

Explanation

- Lovely = خوبصورت، پیارا  

- Horrible = خوفناک، برا، بھیانک

Explanation

Happy خوش

unhappy   ناخوش

Explanation

3 ÷ 4 = 0.75

Explanation

Bernoulli's equation is derived under the following assumptions:

- A) Steady flow  (Flow parameters do not change with time)  

- B) Incompressible fluid  (Density remains constant)  

- C) No external forces acting on the fluid. Incorrect assumption  

   → Bernoulli’s equation does consider external forces like gravity (included as potential energy).  

- D) Negligible viscosity  (No energy loss due to internal friction)

Thus, option C is not assumed and is the correct answer.

Explanation

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the vapor pressure of a substance to its temperature and,

More specifically, the enthalpy of vaporization of the substance.

It describes how vapor pressure changes with temperature,

Allowing one to calculate the vapor pressure at a different temperature if the enthalpy of vaporization and the vapor pressure at a known temperature are known. 

Explanation

The process of reducing the concentration of pollutants in water to safe levels is generally called water purification or wastewater treatment.

Specific methods used for this purpose include physical processes

Like sedimentation and filtration, chemical processes such as oxidation and disinfection,

And biological methods using microorganisms and plants. 

Explanation

- Non-Newtonian fluids have variable viscosity depending on applied force.  

- Honey thickens or thins under different shear rates, so it's non-Newtonian.

Explanation

- N = mass transfer rate  

- k = mass transfer coefficient  

- A = area  

- Ca and Cb = concentrations at two phases  

→ This equation follows Fick's law of diffusion.