Explanation

• Royal jelly is a special secretion used to feed queen bees in a colony.
• It is produced by worker bees from glands in their heads.
• It is rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
• It supporting the growth and reproduction of the queen.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Soybean is a leguminous crop that still requires nutrients from the soil for optimal growth.
• The nutrient requirement for producing 1 ton of soybean is approximately NPK 100 kg.
• N = Nitrogen, P = Phosphorus, K = Potassium.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• The main American issue with Ukraine concerns security and geopolitical alignment.
• The United States strongly supports Ukraine joining NATO as a defense against Russian aggression.

Additional information:

• NATO membership provides military support and collective defense for Ukraine.
• The issue is a central factor in US-Russia geopolitical tensions.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Organic farming avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, focusing on natural methods.
• Compared to conventional farming, organic farming usually gives slightly less yield.

Additional information:

• Organic farming produces healthier crops with better nutritional quality.
• Yield gap can be reduced using improved organic techniques and crop rotation.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Tissue death can occur naturally or due to injury, infection, or stress.
• Necrosis is the death of living tissues, often uncontrolled.

Additional information:

• Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process at the cellular level.
• Plasmolysis is shrinkage of plant cells due to water loss.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Plants can respond to various stimuli like light, gravity, and touch.
• The response of plants to touch is called thigmotropism.
• It is commonly seen in climbing plants and vines, which coil around supports.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Developed countries are highly industrialized with advanced urban infrastructure.
• On average, it is about 15% in developed countries.

Additional information:

• Examples of developed countries: USA, UK, Japan, Germany.
• High urbanization is due to industrialization and better job opportunities in cities.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Oomycetes are fungus-like organisms, often called water molds.
• Although they resemble true fungi, their cell wall composition is different.
• In oomycetes, the cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose.

Additional information:

• True fungi have chitin in their cell walls, while oomycetes have cellulose.
• A common example of oomycetes is Phytophthora, which causes plant diseases.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on a plant.
• Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) belongs to the family Asteraceae.
• Plants of this family typically bear flowers in a capitulum (head) type inflorescence.

Additional information:

• Capitulum is also called a head inflorescence.
• Common examples: sunflower, marigold, and safflower.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Plant growth regulators control growth, development, and responses in plants.
• Abscisic acid (ABA) is a growth-inhibiting hormone.
• It suppresses root and leaf growth and helps plants respond to stress conditions.

Additional information:

• ABA is known as the stress hormone of plants.
• It causes stomatal closure during drought to reduce water loss.

Last verified on 23-01-2026