Explanation

Arthrophytes is an outdated term that refers to a group of ancient plants that are now classified as Sphenopsids.

Sphenopsids are a group of vascular plants that include horsetails and their extinct relatives.

They are characterized by their hollow stems, jointed branches, and spore-producing cones.

Explanation

Five Important Doabs of Pakistan 

Sindh Sagar Doab is b/w: Indus & Jhelum rivers 

Jech Doab is b/w: Jhelum & Chenab rivers 

Bari Doab is b/w: Ravi & Sutlej rivers

Rachna Doab  is b/w: Ravi  & Chenab rivers  

Bias Doab is b/w: Bias & Sutlej rivers 

Doab Chaj is b/w: Chenab and Jhelum.

Explanation

Karakar pass is located in: Hindu Kush, KPK

 Important Passes of Pakistan

1. Khyber Pass 

connects: Peshawar to Kabul

connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan

Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet 

2. Bolan Pass 

Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta 

Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet 

3. Lowari Pass 

Connects: Chitral with Dir 

Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet 

4. Broghil Pass 

Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border 

Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet 

5. Malakand Pass 

Connects: Dir with Chitral 

Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet 

6. Shandur pass

Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral 

Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet 

7. Khanjerab Pass (top most in Pakistan) 

Other name: Friendship Gate

Connects: China with Pakistan 

Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet 

8. Dorah pass

Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral 

Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet 

9. Babusar Pass 

Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit

10. Kohat Pass

Connects: Kohat with Peshawar 

11. Khojak Pass

Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman

12. Tochi Pass

Connects: Ghazni with Bannu

13. Karakar Pass

Connects: Mingora with Buner 

Explanation

On February 26, 2019, India conducted an airstrike on a terrorist camp in Balakot, Pakistan.

It was operated by the terrorist organization Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).

The airstrike was carried out by the Indian Air Force (IAF).

It was described as a "non-military pre-emptive action" against terrorism.

Explanation

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color.

Explanation

Glucose, a form of sugar, is the primary source of energy for every cell in the body.

Because the brain is so rich in nerve cells, or neurons, it is the most energy-demanding organ, using one-half of all the sugar energy in the body.

Explanation

The Human Security Network (HSN) is a group of countries that share a common interest in promoting human security.

It is a people-centered approach to security that focuses on protecting individuals and communities from threats such as conflict, poverty, and natural disasters.

The HSN was established in 1998 and currently has 12 member countries:

• 1. Austria
• 2. Canada
• 3. Chile
• 4. Costa Rica
• 5. Greece
• 6. Ireland
• 7. Jordan
• 8. Liechtenstein
• 9. Mali
• 10. Norway
• 11. Slovenia
• 12. Switzerland

Explanation

The United States is the world's largest arms exporter.

It accounted for 37% of global arms sales between 2016 and 2020, and 38.6% between 2017 and 2021, according to SIPRI.

The U.S. is followed by Russia, France, China, and Germany.

U.S. arms exports increased by 15% between 2016 and 2020 compared to the previous five years.

Explanation

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was formed by six countries: 

Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The charter was signed on May 25, 1981.

The GCC is headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Explanation

Thar Desert is the largest Desert in Pakistan

It is the National Desert of Pakistan 

Located near the Badin, Sindh 

Total Area: 77,000 Miles

It is the third largest in Asia.

15% area is located in Pakistan

85% area is located in India

Thar desert Also called the Friendly Desert and  the Great Indian Desert

Famous for: Sand 

*

Pakistan hosts five major deserts which are historic forests.

1.       Cholistan (Bahawalpur, Punjab)

2.       Thal (Bkhar district of Punjab)

3.       Katpana desert (Sakardu)

4.       Kharan desert (Balochistan)

5.       Thar desert (Sindh)

In KPK there is no desert