Explanation

• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA).
• Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium 
• Type: Military Alliance.
• Official Languages: English & French.
• Founding Members: 12

Total Members: 32

• European: 30
• North American: 2

Latest Member: Sweden (joined 7 March 2024)

• Muslim Member Country: Türkiye
• Pakistan: Not a NATO member

List of NATO member countries:

1. Albania
2. Belgium
3. Bulgaria
4. Canada
5. Croatia
6. Czechia
7. Denmark
8. Estonia
9. France
10. Germany
11. Greece
12. Hungary
13. Iceland
14. Italy
15. Latvia
16. Lithuania
17. Luxembourg
18. Montenegro
19. Netherlands
20. North Macedonia
21. Norway
22. Poland
23. Portugal
24. Romania
25. Slovakia
26. Slovenia
27. Spain
28. Turkiye
29. United Kingdom
30. United States
31. Finland
32. Sweden

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address system.
• It allows about 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.
• It is written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

Additional information:

• IPv6 length → 128 bits

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.
• “Markhor” means “snake eater.”
• It is known as a symbol of bravery and sharp intelligence.
• It is large wild goat (Capra species).
• It is found in Central Asia, the Karakoram, and the Himalayan regions.

Explanation

• Deodar is the National tree of Pakistan.
• It is also known as  Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus Deodara).
• Its name is derived from 'Sanskrit' and means "Wood of the God".
• It is amongst the tallest trees in the country.
• Its heights of around 40-50 meters.

Additional information:

• National Bird: Chukar
• National Animal: Markhor
• National Dish: Nihari
• National Fruit: Mango
• National Flower: Jasmine
• National Vegetable: Lady Finger (Okra)

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• In Windows, ipconfig /all command shows detailed network configuration.
• It displays IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, and MAC address.
• It is used for troubleshooting network problems.
• “/all” option provides full detailed information.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

Option C is right answer.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• In MS Word, Left, Center, Right, and Justified are text alignment options.
• They control how text is positioned within a paragraph.
• These settings help improve document formatting and readability.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• The IF function in Excel is used for logical testing.
• It checks a condition (test) and returns results based on TRUE or FALSE.
• Correct format is: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
• It is widely used in decision-making formulas.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• The SUM function in MS Excel is used to add numbers from selected cells or ranges (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5)).
• It is one of the most commonly used functions for quick total calculations in spreadsheets.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• A Chart is a feature used in MS Excel for data visualization.
• The same chart can also be inserted in PowerPoint presentations.
• It helps in showing data in graphical form (bar, line, pie, etc.).
• Excel and PowerPoint are both part of MS Office, so they share features.

Last verified on 26-05-2026