Originally, Mawalis were clients of an Arab tribe, but with the advent of Islam, the term came to refer to non-Arab Muslims and other client allies of the Muslim community.
The Umayyad Dynasty the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth caliph, Hazrat Ali (RA) in 661 CE.
