Explanation

• Hydrogen attached to fluorine can form a hydrogen bond with the lone pair of nitrogen in NH₃.
• Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular attraction.
• It is stronger than many ordinary dipole interactions.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms.
• The O–H bonds are polar covalent bonds.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs between separate water molecules.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds,

It is a type of strong intermolecular force

Where the slightly positive hydrogen of one molecule attracts the slightly negative oxygen of another, creating a "sticky" network that gives water unique properties like surface tension.

Explanation

• Chlorine has atomic number 17.
• Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7.
• Seven valence electrons place it in Group 17, while three electron shells place it in Period 3.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Sodium has atomic number 11, so it contains 11 protons.
• Neutrons = Mass number − Atomic number = 23 − 11 = 12.
• A neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons.

Last verified on 06-11-2026