Explanation

Ring Topology → Token Passing

• Devices are connected in a circular structure.
• A token is passed between connected devices.
• Only the device holding the token can transmit data.

Explanation

Component Testing → Unit Testing

• Tests individual software components or modules.
• Checks whether each component works correctly.
• Helps identify errors at an early stage.

Explanation

• "An entity is anything about which we store data" is True.
• An entity is any real-world object or concept the database stores information about.
• Examples: customer, product, employee, order.

Explanation

The correct data processing sequence is Input → Processing → Output → Storage.

• Input is the stage where raw data is entered into the computer.
• Processing converts raw data into meaningful information.
• Output presents the processed information to the user.
• Storage saves the data or information for future use.

Last verified on 01-08-2026

Explanation

++ adds 1 to a variable.

• a++ (post): uses the value, then increments.
• ++a (pre): increments, then uses value.
• -- decrements the same way.
• Alone in a statement, both forms behave identically.