Explanation

• After World War II, the major global change was the decolonization of Asian and African countries and the rise of welfare states.
• European colonial empires weakened due to war losses.
• Many countries gained independence from Britain, France, and other powers.
• Governments started focusing on social welfare systems.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• The Bandung Conference was held in Indonesia (Bandung city) in 1955.
• Also known as the: Asian-African Conference
• Participating countries: 29 Asian and African nations
• Purpose: Anti-colonialism, peace, cooperation
• Outcome: Foundation for Non-Aligned Movement idea

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• In 1979, the Soviet Union (USSR) invaded Afghanistan, marking a major event in the Cold War.
• The invasion aimed to support the communist government in Kabul against insurgent groups.

Additional information:

• Duration of Soviet occupation: 1979–1989 (10 years)
• Afghan resistance groups: Mujahideen fighters
• U.S. support to Mujahideen: military aid, weapons, and training
• Casualties: ~1–2 million Afghan civilians and combatants

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• The Magna Carta (1215) was significant because it limited the power of the English king.
• It was issued by King John of England at Runnymede on 15 June 1215.
• It established the idea that the king was also subject to the law.

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• Saudi Arabia wants a non-aggression pact modeled after the Helsinki Accords between Iran and Middle Eastern countries after the Iran war.
• The idea aims to reduce regional tensions and ensure long-term stability in the Middle East.
• It is inspired by the 1975 Helsinki Accords in Europe.
• The proposal focuses on preventing future conflicts and improving security cooperation.

Last verified on 14-06-2026