Explanation

• The Nyaya Sutras were authored by Gautama (Akshapada).
• He is considered the founder of the Nyaya philosophy.
• These texts form the basis of Indian logic and reasoning system (Nyaya Darshana).
• They focus on methods of knowledge, logic, and debate.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

Dashavatara refers to the ten incarnations (avatars) of Lord Vishnu.

1. Matsya (Fish)
2. Kurma (Turtle)
3. Varaha (Boar)
4. Narasimha (Half-man, half-lion)
5. Vamana (Dwarf)
6. Parashurama (Warrior sage)
7. Rama (Prince of Ayodhya)
8. Krishna (Divine statesman)
9. Buddha (in some traditions)
10. Kalki (future avatar)

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Aranyakas provide meditative and philosophical interpretations of the Vedas.
• They focus on spiritual meanings rather than rituals.
• These texts were mainly studied in forest settings by sages.
• They act as a bridge between Vedas and Upanishads.
• They emphasize meditation, symbolism, and inner knowledge.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Bhakti Movement emphasized devotion (bhakti) to a personal God or deity.
• It focused on love, faith, and direct connection with God without rituals.
• It rejected caste barriers and complex Vedic ceremonies.
• Saints preached equality and simple worship.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Chaturvarna system divides Hindu society into four main classes (varnas).

These are Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

1. Brahmin: Priests, teachers, scholars
2. Kshatriya: Warriors, rulers
3. Vaishya: Traders, farmers, merchants
4. Shudra: Laborers, service providers

Last verified on 13-06-2026