Explanation

• The primary purpose of an operating system is to make the most efficient use of the computer hardware.
• An operating system manages all hardware and software resources.
• It acts as an interface between users and the computer.

• It controls memory, CPU, storage, and input/output devices.
• Efficient resource management improves overall system performance.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

Networks are typically classified into four main types based on distance (geographical coverage):

1. PAN (Personal Area Network) – Very short distance (e.g., Bluetooth, USB connections).
2. LAN (Local Area Network) – Limited area (e.g., home, office, or school network).
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – City-wide coverage (e.g., ISP networks in a city).
4. WAN (Wide Area Network) – Large-scale, global reach (e.g., the Internet).

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• TCP/IP is used in LAN (Local Area Network) for communication between devices.
• It is a set of networking protocols.
• It allows data transfer between computers in a network.
• It supports addressing and routing of data packets.
• It is the foundation of modern internet and LAN communication.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• Linux is based on open-source software.
• It is a Unix-like operating system.
• Created by: Linus Torvalds (1991).
• It is widely used in servers, mobile devices, and supercomputers.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• Database normalization reduces data redundancy in a database.
• It organizes data into well-structured tables.
• It removes duplicate (repeated) data.
• It improves data consistency and efficiency.
• It helps in reducing data anomalies during operations.

Last verified on 08-06-2026