Explanation

• Sardar Muhammad Daud Khan was the President of Afghanistan before 1978.
• In April 1978, a military-backed communist coup took place.
• This event is known as the Saur Revolution.
• It brought the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) to power.
• The revolution marked a major political shift in Afghanistan.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The 1971 crisis in Pakistan was mainly triggered by the failure of political reconciliation between East and West Pakistan.
• After the 1970 elections, power transfer issues created a major political deadlock.
• This breakdown escalated tensions into a civil conflict.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The national anthem of Pakistan was first played on August 13, 1954.
• The music for the national anthem was written by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949.
• The lyrics were written by Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Presented by: Liaquat Ali Khan
• Approved by: Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
• Approval and Adopted Date: 11 August 1947
• Designer: Ameer-ud-Din Kidwai

Additional information:

• Green color represents Muslim majority.
• White stripe represents religious minorities.
• Crescent symbolizes progress.
• Star represents light and knowledge.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 between Pakistan and India.
• It was mediated by the World Bank.
• The main purpose is to ensure fair water distribution of Indus River system.
• The main objective is water sharing.
• Total major rivers in Indus system: 5
• Eastern rivers: Ravi, Sutlej, Beas (given to India)
• Western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab (given to Pakistan)

Last verified on 17-05-2026