Explanation

• In 1971, Pakistan faced severe internal political and social conflict, especially in East Pakistan.
• This internal instability weakened national unity and governance.
• As a result, external forces—particularly India—were able to take advantage of the situation.
• Thus, internal discord became a major strategic vulnerability.

Last verified on 06-05-2026

Explanation

• The fall of Dhaka in December 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh.
• It resulted from internal political and civil conflict in East Pakistan.
• Along with this, the military intervention by India played a decisive role.
• This event ended the unity of Pakistan as it existed since 1947.
• The surrender was signed at Raman Racecourse Dhaka.

Last verified on 06-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan's security framework evolved from the 20-point 
• National Action Plan, 2014 ·(post-APS attack) 
• To Revised National Action Plan – 2021 ·focusing on non-kinetic measures, terror financing
• National PVE Policy 2024: The root causes of extremism through community engagement and education.

Last updated by NS on 06 May 2026

Explanation

• Pakistan is a diverse country with many regional cultures, languages, and traditions.
• At the same time, Islam provides a shared belief system that unites people.
• This balance creates both cultural diversity and national unity.
• Thus, unity exists alongside diversity in Pakistani society.

Last verified on 06-05-2026

Explanation

• Signed date: 19 September 1960
• Brokered by: World Bank

Pakistan got the Western Rivers:

1. Indus
2. Jhelum
3. Chenab

India got the Eastern Rivers:

1. Ravi
2. Beas
3. Sutlej

Signatories:

• Field Marshal Ayub Khan (Pakistan)
• Jawaharlal Nehru (India)

Place of signing: Karachi

Effective from: 1 April 1960 (implementation period)

Last verified on 04-05-2026