Explanation

• Signed date: 19 September 1960
• Brokered by: World Bank

Pakistan got the Western Rivers:

1. Indus
2. Jhelum
3. Chenab

India got the Eastern Rivers:

1. Ravi
2. Beas
3. Sutlej

Signatories:

• Field Marshal Ayub Khan (Pakistan)
• Jawaharlal Nehru (India)

Place of signing: Karachi

Effective from: 1 April 1960 (implementation period)

Last verified on 04-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan is located at a strategically important geo-political position.
• To its west lie important oil-rich Gulf States.

Gulf States (Oil-rich Countries West of Pakistan):

• Saudi Arabia
• United Arab Emirates (UAE)
• Kuwait
• Qatar
• Oman

Last verified on 04-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan holds great geo-political importance due to its strategic location.
• It connects South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
• It lies near key trade and energy routes.
• This location enhances its role in regional and global politics.

Last verified on 04-05-2026

Explanation

• Dawn newspaper was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• It was established on 26 October 1941 in Delhi (British India).
• The main purpose was to support the Muslim League’s political voice.
• It later became a major English newspaper of Pakistan after independence.

Last verified on 03-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan’s population growth rate is about 2.4% per year.
• It shows how fast the population is increasing annually.
• Growth rate depends on birth rate, death rate, and migration.
• Higher growth rate means rapid population increase and pressure on resources.

Last verified on 02-05-2026