Explanation

• The People's Republic of China was founded on 1 October 1949.
• It was established after the victory of the Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War.
• Mao Zedong announced its foundation in Beijing.
• This marked the end of the Republic of China government on the mainland.
• Beijing was declared the capital of the new state.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979 after a national referendum.

Additional information:

• 16 January 1979 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi left Iran.
• 1 February 1979 – Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran.
• 11 February 1979 – The monarchy officially ended.
• 1 April 1979 – Iran became an Islamic Republic.

Last verified on 21-04-2026

Explanation

World Sparrow Day is a day designated to raise awareness of the house sparrow and then other common birds to urban environments, and of threats to their populations, observed on 20 March.

Explanation

• South Sudan is the most recently independent African country.
• It gained independence on 9 July 2011 from Sudan after decades of civil war.
• Capital: Juba
• Population: ~11 million (2025 estimate)
• Official language: English

Additional information:

• Currency: South Sudanese Pound (SSP)
• Largest ethnic group: Dinka
• Flag colors: Black, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow
• South Sudan became the 193rd member of the United Nations in 2011.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

Ceylon changed its name to Sri Lanka and became a republic in 1972.

Previously it was a British Dominion after gaining independence in 1948.

The move marked full sovereignty and republican status.

Additional Details / Facts

Capital: Colombo (commercial), Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (administrative)

Official languages: Sinhala, Tamil

Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee