Explanation

• Vatican City is the smallest/state country in the world by land area and population.
• It is a city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy.
• It serves as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
• Total area is about 0.49 sq km.
• It is located in Europe.

Additional information:

• Smallest Muslim country: Brunei
• Smallest republic: Nauru
• Smallest SAARC country: Maldives
• Largest Muslim country (population): Indonesia

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• The headquarters of the International Court of Justice is in The Hague, Netherlands.
• ICJ is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
• It consists of 15 judges, elected for 9-year terms.

• Founded: 1945
• Official Languages: English, French
• Member States: UN member countries
• Main Function: Settling legal disputes between states

Explanation

• The Indian Ocean lies between Africa and Australia.
• It is the third-largest ocean in the world.
• The Indian Ocean is bordered by Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica.
• Area: About 70.56 million km²
• Deepest Point: Java (Sunda) Trench – about 7,258 meters

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• Demographic Dividend refers to the economic growth potential created by a large working-age population (usually ages 15–64 years).
• It occurs when the working-age population is larger than the dependent population (children and the elderly).
• This can increase productivity, employment, and national income.
• To benefit fully, countries need quality education, healthcare, and job opportunities.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• The Bosphorus Strait is a narrow natural waterway in Turkey.
• It connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.
• It is the forming part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.
• Strategically important for international shipping and naval routes.

Additional information:

• Length: ~30 km
• Width: 700 m – 3.7 km
• Maximum depth: ~110 m
• Number of bridges across: 3
• Number of tunnels (undersea): 2

Last verified on 12-03-2026