Explanation

• Arnold Raphel was the American Ambassador who died with Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in the plane crash.
• The crash occurred on 17 August 1988 near Bahawalpur.
• President Zia-ul-Haq was serving as the 6th President of Pakistan (1978–1988).
• Arnold Raphel was the 18th U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan (24 June 1987 – 17 August 1988).

Last verified on 09-07-2026

Explanation

• Promotion Date: 20 May 2025
• Baton Conferred: 22 May 2025
• Rank: Field Marshal (Five-star rank)
• Previous Field Marshal: Muhammad Ayub Khan
• Gap Since Previous Award: About 60 years

Additional information:

• The promotion recognized his leadership during Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos.
• It was approved by the Federal Cabinet under Shehbaz Sharif on 20 May 2025.

Last verified on 06-03-2026

Explanation

• Main Concerns: Accuracy, transparency, cybersecurity
• Technology: Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)
• Related Institution: Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP)
• Purpose: Electronic casting and counting of votes
• Country: Pakistan

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 jointly with Kailash Satyarthi.
• The prize was announced in October 2014.
• At the age of 17, Malala became the youngest Nobel Prize laureate in the world.
• She was recognized for her struggle for girls' education and children's rights.

Additional information:

• She belongs to Mingora, Swat, Pakistan.
• Born: 12 July 1997
• International Malala Day: 12 July every year

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• The Hamoodur Rahman Commission investigated the 1971 Indo-Pak War and the Fall of Dhaka (East Pakistan).
• It was established in December 1971 by the Government of Pakistan.
• The commission examined the military, political, and administrative causes of Pakistan's defeat.
• Initial Report: 1972
• Supplementary Report: 1974

Last verified on 07-07-2026