Explanation

• The study of relationships between organisms and their environment is called Ecology.
• It helps understand how living things interact with each other and with their surroundings.

Additional information:

• Embryology studies development of embryos.
• Ethology studies animal behavior.
• Entomology studies insects.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Location: Amazon Rainforest, South America
• Area Affected: ~17% of forest lost in last 50 years
• Causes: Agriculture, cattle ranching, logging, urbanization
• Impact: Loss of biodiversity, carbon emissions, climate change

Additional information:

• Amazon forest is called the “lungs of the Earth”

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Main Cause: Freon / CFCs
• Effect: Breaks down O₃ molecules → more UV-B radiation
• Other Contributors: Halons, carbon tetrachloride
• Result: Skin cancer, cataracts, climate impact

• The Montreal Protocol (1987) aimed to reduce CFC emissions
• Ozone layer protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays

Explanation

• Vitamin Name: B12 (Cobalamin)
• Source: Produced by gut bacteria; present in meat, fish, eggs, dairy
• Function: Essential for RBC formation, nerve function, DNA synthesis
• Not Found In: Fruits and vegetables

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Pasteurization of milk is a heat treatment process used to kill harmful microorganisms.

In the HTST method, milk is heated to 161°F (72°C) for 15 seconds.

Additional information:

• Another method: LTLT → 145°F for 30 minutes
• Pasteurization improves safety and shelf life of milk

Last verified on 16-01-2026