Explanation

• Ecology is the study of relationships between living organisms and their environment.
• It includes interactions among plants, animals, and surroundings.
• The term was introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
• It helps in understanding ecosystems and environmental balance.

Last verified on 25-04-2026

Explanation

• The Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA was awarded in 1962.
• The winners were James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins.
• They discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
• This discovery revolutionized genetics and molecular biology.

Last verified on 25-04-2026

Explanation

• The longest cell in the human body is the nerve cell (neuron).
• Some neurons can extend up to 1 meter in length.
• They transmit impulses throughout the body.

Additional information:

• The smallest cell in the human body is the sperm cell (spermatozoon).
• It is measures approximately 4–5 micrometers (µm) in length.
• It is mainly consisting of a nucleus and a tail.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Allergy is an abnormal immune response to harmless substances like dust or pollen.
• It occurs when the body reacts excessively to an allergen.
• This reaction involves the immune system producing antibodies.
• Thus, allergy is mainly due to an antigen–antibody reaction.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• A reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus.
• It is mainly controlled by the spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system.
• This allows fast response without involving the brain immediately.
• Thus, reflexes are coordinated by the central nervous system.

Last verified on 23-04-2026