Explanation

• Mineral: Iron ore
• Location: Chiniot, Punjab (Pakistan)
• Discovery: Recent geological surveys (Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation involvement)
• Importance: Steel production & industrial use
• Region: Chiniot–Rajoa area

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Sea name: Arabian Sea
• Location: Southern coast of Pakistan (Balochistan)
• Length of Pakistan coastline: about 1,050 km
• Important port: Gwadar Port
• Region: Makran Coast (Pasni to Gwadar area)

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called the Durand Line.
• It was drawn in 1893.
• It was established as the official border between British India and Afghanistan.
• British representative: Sir Mortimer Durand
• Afghan ruler: Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
• Length: Around 2,640 km (2,611 km)

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Last verified on 09-06-2026

Explanation

• Tourmaline is found in Chitral, Pakistan as a semi-precious gemstone.
• It is a valuable mineral used in jewelry due to its attractive colors.
• Chitral is rich in pegmatite rock formations where gemstones occur.
• Tourmaline is known for its multi-colored crystal varieties.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026