Explanation

• The Ottoman Empire emerged in Anatolia around 1299 after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.

Additional information:

• Founder: Osman I (Osman Ghazi).
• Beginning: Around 1299.
• Capital: Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) became the capital in 1453 after its conquest by Mehmed II.
• End: The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922.

Last verified on 15-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency around 1329–1330 AD.
• He introduced copper and brass coins equal in value to silver tankas.
• The system failed due to counterfeit coins, and he withdrew the currency.

Last verified on 15-10-2026

Explanation

• Lord Curzon created the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) in 1901.
• It was separated from the Punjab region.
• It was formally inaugurated on 9 November 1901.

Additional information:

• Renamed: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2010 through the 18th Constitutional Amendment of Pakistan.
• First Chief Commissioner: Harold Deane.

Last verified on 15-10-2026

Explanation

• Became separate province: 1 April 1936, capital Karachi
• Annexed to Bombay Presidency: 1843
• Part of Pakistan: 14 August 1947 – 14 October 1955, capital Hyderabad
• Separation demanded by: Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1929 under Government of India Act 1935
• First Muslim League Government in Sindh: 1943

Last verified on 15-01-2026