Explanation

• Hagia Sophia is located in Istanbul, Türkiye.
• It was completed in AD 537 during the Byzantine era.
• Originally, it was a Greek Orthodox church.
• Later, it was converted into a mosque, then a museum.
• In 2020, Hagia Sophia was reconverted into a mosque.

Last verified on 29-01-2026

Explanation

Kufa (Al-Kufah) was one of several amsar (garrison cities) founded by the Rashidun Caliphate outside the Arabian Peninsula.

It was established in Iraq in 638 AD by order of Caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab.

Explanation

Ibn Battuta (1304–1368) was a Moroccan scholar and explorer who is widely recognized as one of the greatest travelers in history.

Over a period of nearly 30 years starting in 1325.

He traveled approximately 75,000 miles (117,000 km).

He covering almost the entire Islamic world (Dar al-Islam) and beyond.

His journeys took him through North Africa, West Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and China.

His accounts were later compiled into a famous travelogue titled the Rihla.

Explanation

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) was a pioneering North African scholar often referred to as the father of modern sociology, historiography, and economics.

His most famous work, the Al-Muqaddimah (The Introduction).

It was written in 1377 as the preface to his planned history of the world.

Explanation

On a hill overlooking the Spanish city of Granada stands the Alhambra, a palace built by princes belonging to the Muslim Nasrid dynasty (1238–1492) in the 14th century.