Explanation

• Major Raja Aziz Bhatti was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his bravery during the 1965 Indo-Pak War.
• He was martyred on 12 September 1965.
• Battle: Burki sector, Lahore.
• He was the first PMA Long Course officer to receive both the Sword of Honour and Norman Medal.

Additional information:

• The Nishan-e-Haider literally means “Emblem of the Lion.”
• First recipient: Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed — 1948.
• Second: Naik Saif Ali Janjua Shaheed — 1948.
• Third: Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed — 1958.
• Latest recipient: Havaldar Lalak Jan Shaheed — 1999.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• The first war fought between India and Pakistan after Partition (1947–48) was fought over the Kashmir issue.
• The First Indo-Pakistani War began in 1947 and continued until 1948.
• The main dispute was over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The conflict ended with a UN-mediated ceasefire that took effect on 1 January 1949.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan was the President of Pakistan during the Indo–Pak War of 1965.
• The Indo–Pak War of 1965 was fought between Pakistan and India from August to September 1965.
• Ayub Khan served as the 2nd President of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969.
• The war ended with the UN-sponsored ceasefire on 23 September 1965.
• It was followed by the Tashkent Agreement on 10 January 1966.

Last verified on 23-07-2026

Explanation

• The 1857 War of Independence started from Meerut on 10 May 1857.
• It began as a sepoy (soldier) mutiny against the British East India Company.
• It is also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Independence.
• Major Centers: Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi, Bareilly
• Ended: 1858, after the British suppressed the revolt.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Simla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972.
• It took place in Shimla, India.
• Signed between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi.
• It aimed to resolve issues after the 1971 war.
• Both countries agreed to settle disputes through bilateral talks.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The Kargil War was fought between India and Pakistan in 1999.
• It took place from May to July 1999.
• It is also known as Kargil Conflict / Operation Vijay (India).
• The location was the Kargil district along the Line of Control (LoC).

Additional information:

• The conflict was stopped with USA’s intervention.
• India had about 30,000 troops, Pakistan had about 5,000 troops.
• Captain Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed was a hero of the war.
• General Pervez Musharraf was Pakistan’s COAS.
• General V. P. Malik was India’s COAS.
• India won the Kargil War.
• India lost 527 soldiers.
• Pakistan lost 453 soldiers.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Agreement Name: Tashkent Declaration / Pact
• Date Signed: 10 January 1966
• Mediator: Soviet Union

Leaders:

• India: Lal Bahadur Shastri
• Pakistan: Ayub Khan

Location: Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• Prime Minister: Nurul Amin
• Tenure: December 1971 (very short period)
• President at war time: General Yahya Khan
• War: Indo-Pak War 1971
• Outcome: Creation of Bangladesh

Additional information:

• During the 1971 war, Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India.
• During the 1971 war, V.V. Giri served as the President.

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• War: Indo-Pak War 1965
• Ceasefire Broker: United Nations (UN)
• Ceasefire Date: 23 September 1965
• Key Role: UN Security Council

Last verified on 17-05-2026