Timeline of Islamic history

570:

Muhammad is born in Mecca.

610:

Muhammad receives his first revelation on Mount Hira.

622:

Muhammad (PBUH) migration from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar.

624: Battle of Badr:

625: Battle of Uhud:

627: Battle of the Trench:

627: Siege of Bani Qurayzah:

628: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah:

628: Conquest of Khaybar oasis:

629: First Umrah made by Muhammad

629: Battle of Mu'tah:

630: Non-violent conquest of Mecca:

630: Battle of Hunayn:

630: Attempted Siege of Ta'if:

632: Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage:

632: Muhammad dies in Medina

632 to 634:

Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.

634 to 644:

Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

637:

Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out.

644 to 656:

Usman ibn 'Affan succeeds Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

650:

Uthman orders the establishment of one "true" Quran while destroying the others.

651:

Muslim Conquest of Mesopotamia.

656 to 661:

Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

661 to 750:

The Umayyad Caliphate takes control after Ali is assassinated. They move the capital city to Damascus.

Mar 670:

Hasan ibn Ali, Shia Islam's second imam (his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib, being the first imam), is poisoned to death.

Oct 680:

Husayn ibn Ali, Shia Islam's third imam, is killed (shaheed) by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.

711:

Muslims enter Spain from Morocco. They will eventually gain control of most of the Iberian Peninsula.

750 to 1258:

The Abbasid Caliphate takes control and builds a new capital city called Baghdad.

1258:

The Mongol army sacks the city of Baghdad destroying much of the city and killing the Caliph.

1453:

The Ottomans take the city of Constantinople bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire.

1517 to 1924:

The Ottoman Empire conquers Egypt and claims the Caliphate.

1526 to 1857

The Mughal Empire is established in India.

1924:

The Caliphate is abolished by Mustafa Ataturk, the first President of Turkey.