Explanation

 Canal Bank Terms

• Spoil bank: Piles of surplus excavated soil.
• Canal bank: Main embankment to hold water.
• Guide bank: Directs river flow through structures.
• Marginal bank: Levee to prevent flood spilling.

Explanation

•  Bleeding: Heavier solids settle down, pushing free water to the surface.

Additional information

• Segregation: The general separation of concrete mix components.
• Compaction: Mechanical shaking or packing to remove trapped air.
• Shrinkage: Volume reduction as concrete dries and hardens over time.

Explanation

• Perennial: Continuous, year-round water supply from permanent rivers.

Additional information

• Inundation: Seasonal supply only during river floods.
• Temporary: Non-standard engineering classification.
• Navigation: Built for boat transport, not water distribution.

Explanation

• A frog is the depression provided on the surface of a brick.
• In masonry, it is generally kept on the top face.
• Mortar fills the frog and provides a better bond.
• It helps improve the strength and stability of brick masonry.

Explanation

• One end of the column is fixed and the other is free.
• Its effective/equivalent length is 2L.
• This condition gives the column a higher effective length.
• It is important when calculating the buckling load.

Explanation

• Factor of Safety (FOS) indicates the safety margin of a foundation.
• It is calculated as: Ultimate bearing capacity ÷ Safe bearing capacity.
• A higher factor of safety provides a greater safety margin.
• It helps ensure that the soil remains safe under the applied load.

Explanation

• Low-heat cement produces less heat of hydration.
• Dams are mass concrete structures, so heat control is important.
• It reduces the risk of thermal cracking.
• It develops strength more slowly than ordinary Portland cement.

Last updated: 15-08-2026 by NS 

Explanation

Explanation

• In a 1:5 cement mortar ratio, the first number represents cement.
• The second number 5, represents sand.
• So, 1 part cement: 5 parts sand.
• This ratio is commonly used in brick masonry and plastering, depending on specifications.

Last updated by NS on 14-8-2026

Explanation

• Granite is a strong and durable building stone.
• It has high compressive strength.
• It can withstand heavy loads from the bridge structure.
• It is resistant to weathering and abrasion.

Last updated by NS on 14-8-2026