Explanation

• The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 guarantees fundamental rights to citizens.
• Article 10-A ensures the right to fair trial and due process.
• This article was added through the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010.
• It applies to both civil rights and criminal cases.
• It strengthens justice and protects individuals from unfair treatment.

Last verified on 11-05-2026

Explanation

Explanation

Control in depth means a system of several security layers (physical, technical, and administrative) so that if one fails, others still provide protection.

Explanation

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document adopted on 10 December 1948 by General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III).

Additional information:

• Drafted by: Eleanor Roosevelt (Chair of UN Human Rights Commission)
• Total Articles: 30 Articles outlining rights like freedom, equality, and protection from discrimination
• Headquarters of UN: New York, USA
• Significance: Basis for international human rights law and national constitutions

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

A fully functional legal system is based on:

• Criminal and Civil law: Governing relationships and remedies for wrongs.
• Common and Statutory law: Including judicial decisions and legislation.

Explanation

Whoever involves in kidnapping for ransom, hostage-taking, or hijacking commits the offense of "Terrorism."

These actions are considered acts of terrorism due to their severe impact and intent to instill fear.

Explanation

'Junior ranks' refers to members of the police below the rank of Sub-inspector, as outlined in the First Schedule.

This includes constables and head constables.

Explanation

Cyber laws in Pakistan include the Electronic Cyber Crime Bill 2007 and the Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002.

It address various aspects of cybercrime and electronic transactions.

Explanation

Technical security refers to the use of technology to protect information and systems.

Items like call interception, CCTV (closed-circuit television), and recording microphones are all technological tools

They are used for surveillance and monitoring, which fall under the category of technical security.

Explanation

While various entities contribute to a country's security, the executive and administrative bodies,

Which include the government and its branches, hold the primary responsibility for safeguarding the nation

This is because they have the authority to enact and enforce laws, manage national resources, and direct policy related to security matters.