Explanation

There is one posthumous Nobel Peace Prize, to Dag Hammarskjöld in 1961.

Explanation

1. German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky
2. Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi
3. Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo
4. Belarus human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski
5. Iranian human rights advocate and freedom fighter Narges Mohammadi

Explanation

• The Vietnamese politician Le Duc Tho, awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, is the only person who has declined the Nobel Peace Prize.
• They were both awarded the prize for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord.
• Le Duc Tho said that he was not in a position to accept the Nobel Prize, citing the situation in Vietnam as his reason.
  

Explanation

• Narges Mohammadi is a woman, a human rights advocate, and a freedom fighter.
• Her brave struggle for freedom of expression and the right of independence has come with tremendous personal costs. Altogether, the regime in Iran has arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times, and sentenced her to a total of 31 years in prison and 154 lashes.
• Narges Mohammadi is still in prison.
  

Explanation

No one has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature more than once.

Explanation

Two people have declined the Nobel Prize in Literature

1. Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature, “Accepted first, later caused by the authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline the Prize”.
2. Jean Paul Sartre, the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had consistently declined all official honors.

Explanation

Jon Olav Fosse is a Norwegian author and dramatist. In 2023, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable".

Explanation

• The oldest Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry to date is John B. Goodenough, who was 97 years old when he was awarded the chemistry prize in 2019.
• He is also the oldest laureate to be awarded in all prize categories.
  

Explanation

To date, the youngest Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry is Frédéric Joliot, who was 35 years old when he was awarded the chemistry prize in 1935, together with his wife, Irène Joliot-Curie.

Explanation

Alexey Ivanovich Ekimov  is a Russian solid state physicist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry (2023) who discovered the semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots, while working at the Vavilov State Optical Institute.