Explanation

Caliph Uthman ruled for a total of twelve years between 644 and 656.

This made him the longest reigning caliph out of the Rashidun Caliphs

Explanation

Explanation

• Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was born on 27 October 573 CE in Mecca to a wealthy family of the Banu Taym tribe of the Quraysh.
• His father, Uthman, was given the laqab Abu Quhafa, and his mother, Salma bint Sakhar, was given the laqab Umm ul-Khair.
• He had sons named Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr and Abdul-Rah.

Explanation

• Hazrat Abu Bakr, the first Caliph, engaged in Jihad over the issue of Zakat.
• During the Ridda Wars in July 632, he dispatched envoys to rebellious tribes demanding payment of Zakat, but they refused.

Explanation

• Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (RA) was the first to record "Wahi" among the Quraish.
• Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) appointed Zaid bin Sabit to compile the Holy Quran at the request of Hazrat Umar (R.A).
• Sharjeel-ibn-Hasana Kandi was the first to transcribe revelations in Makkah.
• The last revelation was written by Abi Ibn Kaaf.
• Prophet Idrees (عليه السلام) was the first to write with a pen.

Explanation

Hazrat Usman (RA), also known as Uthman ibn Affan.

He accepted Islam at the age of 34, in the year 616 CE.

He went on to become the third Rashidun Caliph of Islam.

Explanation

The Rashidun Caliphate ended with the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali (RA), the fourth caliph, in 661 CE.

He was the last of the rightly guided caliphs.

After his death marked the beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate, which was established by Muawiyah.

Explanation

Marwan II  was the last of the Umayyad caliphs (reigned 744–750)

Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan known as Marwan II

He was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate

He was killed while fleeing the forces of Abu al-Abbas as-Saffaḥ

Explanation

Umar was the second Muslim caliph (from 634),

Under whom Arab armies conquered Mesopotamia and Syria

And began the conquest of Iran and Egypt.

Additional information:

The Pious Caliphs were the first four Caliphs.

They were:

•  Abu Bakr
•  Umar
•  Uthman
•  Ali

Explanation

Giving salaries to scholars and teachers was started during the time of Caliph Umar (RA).

Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph of Islam.

He was ruled for 10 years from 634 CE to 644 CE.

He succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr.

He was instrumental in expanding the Islamic state.